Traduction

[benoo]

pouvez vous me traduire:

KEY LITERARY ELEMENTS SETTING The major character of the novel, Philip, spends most of his life in two places, which become the dominant settings for the book. From the time he becomes aware of the world around him until his adolescence, Philip is found in Blackstable and its neighboring town of Tercanbury. Even after he goes abroad to study, he keeps coming beck to Blackstable during the holidays and whenever he feels the need for a change. In the process of establishing his identity, Philip visits London twice and spends the major part of his mature years in that city. Returning back from Heidelberg, he goes to London to become a clerk in the company of Chartered Accountants. When he realizes he has no aptitude for accounting, he returns to Blackstable. However, after leading the life of an artist for a few years in Paris, he resolves to establish a career in medicine and is admitted as a student to St. Luke's hospital in London. Heidelberg and Paris have an importance in the novel, especially Paris. Philip leaves for Paris to study art and learns to appreciate the beauty of nature as well. Although he experiences the joys of freedom in Paris, he also becomes aware of his responsibilities. Paris, thus, helps him to explore and find himself. The novel is set at two contrasting levels: bondage versus freedom. Philip's childhood years and his life in London are the years when he is in bondage. At Blackstable, he is bound by the customs and traditions of Catholic society. At Tercanbury, he is bound by his handicap to his surroundings and further restricted by love. In London, he is also in bondage to love, which restricts his progress in life. Philip, in an attempt to free himself, escapes to Heidelberg and Paris. These two cities provide him the joys of freedom and allow him to discover himself. Maugham, thus, presents his protagonist in two different settings: the places of bondage and the places of freedom.

THEMES

Major

The major theme of the novel is that the submission to passion is

human bondage, while the exercise of reason is human liberty.

Philip Carey loves Mildred passionately and, in trying to possess

her, traps himself in her bondage. His freedom is curbed, his

education is disrupted, and his fortune is lost. All his reasoning,

power, and intelligence are eradicated by his passion for Mildred.

On the other hand, when Philip thinks logically, he succeeds in

achieving his goal. In Heidelberg, he learns not only languages but

about life in general. In Paris, he learns to appreciate art, the value

of life, and the beauty of nature. In London, after Mildred leaves

him, he analyzes his emotions logically and overcomes his passion

for her. He realizes that he has wasted his love on a person who did

not understand his worth. Swept away by the heart, he had become

unreasonable and thoughtless which brought him nothing but

misery.

Minor

There are several minor themes in the novel. The first is that

inappropriate love can be destructive. In spite of her many

weaknesses, Philip loves Mildred and showers his affection and

money on her. He even sacrifices his education and limited

resources to please her. In the process, Philip wastes the important

years of his life following a woman who is not deserving of his

love. It is definitely a destructive relationship for Philip, one that

keeps him in bondage.

Another minor theme is that experience in life makes a person

wiser. Philip profits from every event in his life and becomes

stronger as a person. His stay in Heidelberg makes him realize the

value of freedom and the narrow-mindedness of Christianity.

Freedom allows him to see the beauty of nature and to question the

value of religion. After a few months in London as an accountant,

Philip travels to Paris to study art. While working as an artist in

Paris, he discovers that he lacks real talent. He gives up art and

chooses medicine as his career. His life as a medical student

teaches him to study people closely and learn the hard facts of life.

His wasted years with Mildred make him realize the value of

money, freedom, and happiness.

Finally, Maugham tries to show how life and death are

meaningless and of no consequence. When Philip observes the life

of Hayward, Cronshaw, Fanny Price, and his own patients, he

realizes that they are all rushing through life without achieving

anything. He acknowledges the futility of living and the

inconsequence of dying. It seems that after death, people are

quickly forgotten. During the course of the novel Philip learns that

he has to seek his own meaning in life.

Table of Contents

MOOD

The mood of the novel is serious, but not gloomy. Maugham, with

irony and cynicism, presents the struggle of a lonely protagonist

and the turmoil in his mind. Philip Carey suffers because of his

handicap, his inferiority complex, and his tender heart; his

suffering invokes a sense of pity in the reader. Maugham, however,

does not allow the mood of the novel to turn gloomy. Philip's stay

in Heidelberg and Paris and his life in London in the absence of

Mildred are bright. The novel also ends on a cheerful note, for

Philip has settled into his life and career and looks forward to the

future with hope.

merci

[benoo]

avec ca :

CHAPTERS X-XIV Summary These chapters relate the experience of Philip at the preparatory King's School, which helps to prepare a boy for the ministry. As he accompanies his uncle to the school at Tercanbury, he is full of apprehension and feels self-conscious about his clubfoot. His uncle leaves him in the care of Mr. Watson. True to his fears, the boys immediately notice his deformed foot. Some of them take pity on him, while others mock him and even abuse him physically. He feels isolated because of his disability. When he is unable to bear the humiliation of his tormentors any longer, he cries and remembers his mother. After a time, his deformity is taken for granted and ignored, but Philip still remains sensitive and withdrawn, avoiding participation in the boys' activities. He does excel, however, in his studies and wins several prizes. Mr. Watson appreciates his efforts and expects to secure him a scholarship for additional education. When the school is gripped with a religious fever, Philip joins a study group and starts reading the Bible everynight. He excitedly reads the words, "Whatsoever ye shall ask in prayer, believing, ye shall receive." Encouraged by the Vicar, he begins to pray fervently. He asks God to heal his foot and waits anxiously for the results. When no miracle occurs, Philip feels that his uncle has lied to him and loses faith. Notes School is a new experience for Philip. Having led a protected life in the past, he now becomes aware of the harsh realities of life. The students make fun of his clubfoot, making him feel ashamed and isolating him further. To avoid the taunts of the students, he visualizes his mother's presence, seeking her protection. He also escapes into his studies and excels. Maugham is able to give a very sensitive portrayal of Philip's pain and loneliness, because he experienced the same kind of isolation due to his speech impediment. Philip craves companionship, affection, understanding, and sympathy. He longs to lead the life of a normal boy. When a student breaks his penholder by mistake, he concocts a story about its being a gift from his dead mother, hoping to win sympathy and acceptance. When he reads the words of Christ extolling the virtues of faith and the power of prayer to work miracles, he starts praying in earnest, asking God to heal his deformity. When his prayer is not answered, he loses faith. Philip realizes he will never escape his handicap and resigns himself to his sad situation .

CHAPTERS XV-XXI Summary Philip graduates from preparatory school and at the age of thirteen enters King's School, a well established institution known for its excellence in learning. It is conforming and traditional in every way, with a curriculum based on the classics. When Mr. Perkins replaces the old headmaster, he is looked down upon. Though he is well qualified for the job, others judge him as unfit because he belongs to a family of linen drapers. Perkins brings many changes to the school, which harms his reputation even more. Philip, however, admires the new headmaster for his kindness, intelligence, and insight. He even starts taking an interest in religion again because it is taught by Perkins and for a time considers being ordained. Philip makes friends with a boy named Rose, who helps him gain confidence. Then Philip contracts scarlet fever and has to stay away from school for a long while. When he returns from Blackstable after recovering, he finds that Rose has a new friend and little interest in him. Deprived of friendship once again, Philip starts losing interest in school and thinks about leaving. Perkins and his uncle try unsuccessfully to dissuade him. He finally departs the King's School and heads to Germany, for he wants to see the world. Notes In these chapters, Maugham cynically mocks the old staff at the King's School who value tradition and social status more than education and erudition. Perkins, though very intelligent and well- educated, is rejected by them because he is not considered to be a gentleman due to his family's status. When he changes the curriculum, to allow French and German to be taught, they are horrified. Philip, however, is attracted to Perkins, probably because the older teachers taunted him about his deformity and belittled his intelligence. Perkins, on the other hand, recognizes his intelligence, appreciates his knowledge, and encourages him to do his best. As Philip grows from child to adolescent, there is a transformation in his attitude and behavior, as seen in these chapters. Like most boys his age, he goes through significant mood swings and rapid change of opinion. One moment he cares, and the next moment he hates. He also becomes intolerant of those who lack his intelligence and makes bitter remarks about them, an action that isolates him even further. When Rose extends a hand of friendship to Philip, he is delighted and blossoms with the companionship. The friendship is an odd one, for Rose is a complete contrast to Philip. He is big, athletic, well-liked, charming, and not a very good student. Unfortunately, Philip is jealous of Rose and does not want to share his attention. He quarrels often with his friend, which irritates Rose. When Rose rejects him after his long absence due to the scarlet fever, Philip is miserable, and his studies suffer. Despite the encouragement of his uncle and Perkins to stay in school, Philip decides to leave. He has lost interest in ever joining the clergy, for he is very critical of the behavior of his uncle and the other Vicars and religious leaders. He is especially upset when Perkins and his uncle try to trick him into staying. Philip wants to see the world and decides to travel to Germany. It is important to notice that Philip's aunt is still sensitive and caring in her own inept way. She buys him a watercolor set, and Philip enjoys using it. His paintings show that he has some natural talent, which comes into play later in the novel.

[yveslouis]

Ouh la ! Est-ce qu'on peut voir ce que tu as essayé de faire ?..

[willy]

Si tu ne comprends pas en anglais, essaie plutôt de trouver les mêmes commentaires en français sur ce livre "Of Human Bondage" (De l'esclavage humain) de WS Maugham.

Si tu as lu (?!) ce livre en anglais, there shouldn't be any problem then !!

[didi36]

Tu ne penses pas que c'est un peu long??? As-tu déjà commencé à traduire quelque chose?Fais nous le voir et on t'aidera!

[kamikakushi]

traduction sur un plateau en argent avec du caviar à côté ?

Beluga ou Sevruga ?

[c_pa_moua]

HEY !!!!! T 1 TRICHEUR !!!!! C LE TEXTE DU DST !!!!!!!!! PFFFFF C PATHÉTIQ !!!!!!!

[benoo]

comment ca peut-etre un texte de DST car ce sont des résumés!! Et comment peut-tu le savoir d'abord!!!!!

BANNISSEZ CET HOMME!!!

[benoo]

comment ca peut-etre un texte de DST car ce sont des résumés!! Et comment peut-tu le savoir d'abord!!!!!

BANNISSEZ CET HOMME!!!

(pour les traductions ce n'est plus la peine.)

[c_pa_moua]

lol tu me fè maré tu c trè bien qe t ds la meme classe qe moi !!!! ( a st louis en 2nde 1) et pi tu ma di qe tu fesè tou t devoir sur ce site c pour ca qe je te di ca mè si ca te vexe excuse moi !!!!

et puis ce texte exuse moi etè bien celui du DST si tu nis encore je sui capable de scané le DST et avec la date dessu !!!! ( comme ca on vera qe ta fè ce DST aujourdui !)

[benoo]

A mon avis, si tu as fait ton DST tu ne doit pas avoir ta feuille!!

alors, reflechis!!!!!

[c_pa_moua]

arrete ca on les recevra aprè les vacances si tu continu je v le fère !!!!!!

[benoo]

essaye!!

je sais que c'est faux!!!